Python最强《画家》——turtle

大家好！今天给你们带来了使用turtle库画的各种有趣的画图。

安装turtle：

pip install PythonTurtle

1.金字塔

import turtle


def draw_sierpinski(length, depth):
    if depth == 0:
        for _ in range(0, 3):
            turtle.forward(length)
            turtle.left(120)
    else:
        draw_sierpinski(length / 2, depth - 1)
        turtle.forward(length / 2)
        draw_sierpinski(length / 2, depth - 1)
        turtle.backward(length / 2)
        turtle.left(60)
        turtle.forward(length / 2)
        turtle.right(60)
        draw_sierpinski(length / 2, depth - 1)
        turtle.left(60)
        turtle.backward(length / 2)
        turtle.right(60)


turtle.speed(0)
draw_sierpinski(300, 4)
turtle.done()

2.树

import turtle


def draw_branch(branch_length, t):
    if branch_length > 5:
        t.forward(branch_length)
        t.right(20)
        draw_branch(branch_length - 15, t)
        t.left(40)
        draw_branch(branch_length - 15, t)
        t.right(20)
        t.backward(branch_length)


t = turtle.Turtle()
my_win = turtle.Screen()
t.left(90)
t.up()
t.backward(100)
t.down()
t.color("green")
draw_branch(75, t)
my_win.exitonclick()

3.小猪佩奇：

from turtle import*


def nose(x,y):#鼻子
    penup()#提起笔
    goto(x,y)#定位
    pendown()#落笔，开始画
    setheading(-30)#将乌龟的方向设置为to_angle/为数字（0-东、90-北、180-西、270-南）
    begin_fill()#准备开始填充图形
    a=0.4
    for i in range(120):
        if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90:
            a=a+0.08
            left(3) #向左转3度
            forward(a) #向前走a的步长
        else:
            a=a-0.08
            left(3)
            forward(a)
    end_fill()#填充完成


    penup()
    setheading(90)
    forward(25)
    setheading(0)
    forward(10)
    pendown()
    pencolor(255,155,192)#画笔颜色
    setheading(10)
    begin_fill()
    circle(5)
    color(160,82,45)#返回或设置pencolor和fillcolor
    end_fill()


    penup()
    setheading(0)
    forward(20)
    pendown()
    pencolor(255,155,192)
    setheading(10)
    begin_fill()
    circle(5)
    color(160,82,45)
    end_fill()


def head(x,y):#头
    color((255,155,192),"pink")
    penup()
    goto(x,y)
    setheading(0)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    setheading(180)
    circle(300,-30)
    circle(100,-60)
    circle(80,-100)
    circle(150,-20)
    circle(60,-95)
    setheading(161)
    circle(-300,15)
    penup()
    goto(-100,100)
    pendown()
    setheading(-30)
    a=0.4
    for i in range(60):
        if 0<=i<30 or 60<=i<90:
            a=a+0.08
            lt(3) #向左转3度
            fd(a) #向前走a的步长
        else:
            a=a-0.08
            lt(3)
            fd(a)
    end_fill()


def ears(x,y): #耳朵
    color((255,155,192),"pink")
    penup()
    goto(x,y)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    setheading(100)
    circle(-50,50)
    circle(-10,120)
    circle(-50,54)
    end_fill()


    penup()
    setheading(90)
    forward(-12)
    setheading(0)
    forward(30)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    setheading(100)
    circle(-50,50)
    circle(-10,120)
    circle(-50,56)
    end_fill()


def eyes(x,y):#眼睛
    color((255,155,192),"white")
    penup()
    setheading(90)
    forward(-20)
    setheading(0)
    forward(-95)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    circle(15)
    end_fill()


    color("black")
    penup()
    setheading(90)
    forward(12)
    setheading(0)
    forward(-3)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    circle(3)
    end_fill()


    color((255,155,192),"white")
    penup()
    seth(90)
    forward(-25)
    seth(0)
    forward(40)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    circle(15)
    end_fill()


    color("black")
    penup()
    setheading(90)
    forward(12)
    setheading(0)
    forward(-3)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    circle(3)
    end_fill()


def cheek(x,y):#腮
    color((255,155,192))
    penup()
    goto(x,y)
    pendown()
    setheading(0)
    begin_fill()
    circle(30)
    end_fill()


def mouth(x,y): #嘴
    color(239,69,19)
    penup()
    goto(x,y)
    pendown()
    setheading(-80)
    circle(30,40)
    circle(40,80)


def body(x,y):#身体
    color("red",(255,99,71))
    penup()
    goto(x,y)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    setheading(-130)
    circle(100,10)
    circle(300,30)
    setheading(0)
    forward(230)
    setheading(90)
    circle(300,30)
    circle(100,3)
    color((255,155,192),(255,100,100))
    setheading(-135)
    circle(-80,63)
    circle(-150,24)
    end_fill()


def hands(x,y):#手
    color((255,155,192))
    penup()
    goto(x,y)
    pendown()
    setheading(-160)
    circle(300,15)
    penup()
    setheading(90)
    forward(15)
    setheading(0)
    forward(0)
    pendown()
    setheading(-10)
    circle(-20,90)


    penup()
    setheading(90)
    forward(30)
    setheading(0)
    forward(237)
    pendown()
    setheading(-20)
    circle(-300,15)
    penup()
    setheading(90)
    forward(20)
    setheading(0)
    forward(0)
    pendown()
    setheading(-170)
    circle(20,90)


def foot(x,y):#脚
    pensize(10)
    color((240,128,128))
    penup()
    goto(x,y)
    pendown()
    setheading(-90)
    forward(40)
    setheading(-180)
    color("black")
    pensize(15)
    fd(20)


    pensize(10)
    color((240,128,128))
    penup()
    setheading(90)
    forward(40)
    setheading(0)
    forward(90)
    pendown()
    setheading(-90)
    forward(40)
    setheading(-180)
    color("black")
    pensize(15)
    fd(20)


def tail(x,y):#尾巴
    pensize(4)
    color((255,155,192))
    penup()
    goto(x,y)
    pendown()
    seth(0)
    circle(70,20)
    circle(10,330)
    circle(70,30)


def setting():          #参数设置
    pensize(4)
    hideturtle()        #使乌龟无形（隐藏）
    colormode(255)      #将其设置为1.0或255.随后 颜色三元组的r，g，b值必须在0 .. cmode范围内
    color((255,155,192),"pink")
    setup(840,500)
    speed(10)


def main():
    setting()           #画布、画笔设置
    nose(-100,100)      #鼻子
    head(-69,167)       #头
    ears(0,160)         #耳朵
    eyes(0,140)         #眼睛
    cheek(80,10)        #腮
    mouth(-20,30)       #嘴
    body(-32,-8)        #身体
    hands(-56,-45)      #手
    foot(2,-177)        #脚
    tail(148,-155)      #尾巴
    done()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

4.钟表

import turtle
from datetime import *
 
# 抬起画笔，向前运动一段距离放下
def Skip(step):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.forward(step)
    turtle.pendown()
 
def mkHand(name, length):
    # 注册Turtle形状，建立表针Turtle
    turtle.reset()
    Skip(-length * 0.1)
    # 开始记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的第一个顶点。
    turtle.begin_poly()
    turtle.forward(length * 1.1)
    # 停止记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的最后一个顶点。将与第一个顶点相连。
    turtle.end_poly()
    # 返回最后记录的多边形。
    handForm = turtle.get_poly()
    turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)
 
def Init():
    global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer
    # 重置Turtle指向北
    turtle.mode("logo")
    # 建立三个表针Turtle并初始化
    mkHand("secHand", 135)
    mkHand("minHand", 125)
    mkHand("hurHand", 90)
    secHand = turtle.Turtle()
    secHand.shape("secHand")
    minHand = turtle.Turtle()
    minHand.shape("minHand")
    hurHand = turtle.Turtle()
    hurHand.shape("hurHand")
   
    for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:
        hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
        hand.speed(0)
   
    # 建立输出文字Turtle
    printer = turtle.Turtle()
    # 隐藏画笔的turtle形状
    printer.hideturtle()
    printer.penup()
    
def SetupClock(radius):
    # 建立表的外框
    turtle.reset()
    turtle.pensize(7)
    for i in range(60):
        Skip(radius)
        if i % 5 == 0:
            turtle.forward(20)
            Skip(-radius - 20)
           
            Skip(radius + 20)
            if i == 0:
                turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            elif i == 30:
                Skip(25)
                turtle.write(int(i/5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
                Skip(-25)
            elif (i == 25 or i == 35):
                Skip(20)
                turtle.write(int(i/5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
                Skip(-20)
            else:
                turtle.write(int(i/5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            Skip(-radius - 20)
        else:
            turtle.dot(5)
            Skip(-radius)
        turtle.right(6)
        
def Week(t):   
    week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三",
            "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]
    return week[t.weekday()]
 
def Date(t):
    y = t.year
    m = t.month
    d = t.day
    return "%s %d%d" % (y, m, d)
 
def Tick():
    # 绘制表针的动态显示
    t = datetime.today()
    second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001
    minute = t.minute + second / 60.0
    hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0
    secHand.setheading(6 * second)
    minHand.setheading(6 * minute)
    hurHand.setheading(30 * hour)
    
    turtle.tracer(False) 
    printer.forward(65)
    printer.write(Week(t), align="center",
                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
    printer.back(130)
    printer.write(Date(t), align="center",
                  font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
    printer.home()
    turtle.tracer(True)
 
    # 100ms后继续调用tick
    turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)
 
def main():
    # 打开/关闭龟动画，并为更新图纸设置延迟。
    turtle.tracer(False)
    Init()
    SetupClock(160)
    turtle.tracer(True)
    Tick()
    turtle.mainloop()
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

5.彩虹

#彩虹绘制
from turtle import *
 
def HSB2RGB(hues):
    hues = hues * 3.59 #100转成359范围
    rgb=[0.0,0.0,0.0]
    i = int(hues/60)%6
    f = hues/60 -i
    if i == 0:
        rgb[0] = 1; rgb[1] = f; rgb[2] = 0
    elif i == 1:
        rgb[0] = 1-f; rgb[1] = 1; rgb[2] = 0
    elif i == 2:
        rgb[0] = 0; rgb[1] = 1; rgb[2] = f
    elif i == 3:
        rgb[0] = 0; rgb[1] = 1-f; rgb[2] = 1
    elif i == 4:
        rgb[0] = f; rgb[1] = 0; rgb[2] = 1
    elif i == 5:
        rgb[0] = 1; rgb[1] = 0; rgb[2] = 1-f
    return rgb
     
def rainbow():
    hues = 0.0
    color(1,0,0)
    #绘制彩虹
    hideturtle()
    #隐藏乌龟
    speed(5)
    pensize(3)
    penup()
    goto(-650,-150)
    pendown()
    right(110)
    for i in range (100):
        circle(600)
        #圆的半径600
        right(0.23)
        hues = hues + 1
        rgb = HSB2RGB(hues)
        color(rgb[0],rgb[1],rgb[2])    
    penup()
     
def main():
    setup(1200, 800, 0, 0)
    bgcolor((64/255, 64/255, 1))
    tracer(False)
    rainbow()
    #输出文字
    tracer(False)
    goto(0,0)
    pendown()
    color('yellow')
    write("彩虹",align="center",
          font=("Script MT Bold", 80, "bold"))
    tracer(True)
     
    mainloop()
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

6.蛇

import turtle


def drawSnake(rad, angle, len, neckrad):
    for _ in range(len):
        turtle.circle(rad, angle)
        turtle.circle(-rad, angle)
    turtle.circle(rad, angle / 2)
    turtle.forward(rad / 2)  # 直线前进
    turtle.circle(neckrad, 180)
    turtle.forward(rad / 4)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    turtle.setup(1500, 1400, 0, 0)
    turtle.pensize(30)  # 画笔尺寸
    turtle.pencolor("green")
    turtle.seth(-40)  # 前进的方向
    drawSnake(70, 80, 2, 15)

简要：

（1）画笔运动的命令
turtle.forward(a)   向当前画笔方向移动a像素长度
turtle.backward(a)  向当前画笔相反方向移动a像素长度
turtle.right(a)     顺时针移动
aturtle.left(a)     逆时针移动
aturtle.pendown()   移动时绘制图形
turtle.goto(x,y)    将画笔移动到坐标为x,y的位置
turtle.penup()      移动时不绘制图形，提起笔
turtle.speed(a)     画笔绘制的速度范围
turtle.circle()     画图，半径为正，表示圆心在画笔的左边画圈
（2）画笔控制命令
turtle.pensize(width)   绘制图形的宽度
turtle.pencolor()       画笔的颜色
turtle.fillcolor(a)     绘制图形的填充颜色
turtle.color(a1,a2)     同时设置pencolor=a1,fillcolor=a2
turtle.filling()        返回当前是否在填充状态
turtle.begin_fill()     准备开始填充图形
turtle.end_fill()       填充完成
turtle.hideturtle()     隐藏箭头显示
turtle.showturtle()     显示箭头
（3）全局控制命令
turtle.clear()   清空turtle窗口,但是turtle的位置和状态不会改变
turtle.reset()   清空窗口，重置turtle状态为起始位置
turtle.undo()    撤销上一个turtle动作