手把手教你设计RISC-V CPU

鏈杩戜簺骞淬俁ISC-V寮曡捣浜嗗叏鐞冨叧娉ㄣ傝繖娆鹃潻鍛芥х殑 ISA 鍑鍊熷叾鎸佺画鐨勫垱鏂帮紝浠ュ強鏃犳暟鐨勫︿範鍜屽伐鍏疯祫婧愪互鍙婃潵鑷宸ョ▼鐣岀殑璐＄尞锛屽儚娼姘磋埇甯鍗蜂簡甯傚満銆俁ISC-V 鏈澶х殑榄呭姏鍦ㄤ簬瀹冩槸涓娆惧紑婧 ISA銆傚湪鏈鏂囦腑锛屾垜锛堟寚浠ｆ湰鏂囦綔鑰匨itu Raj锛屼笅鍚岋級灏嗕粙缁嶅備綍浠庨浂寮濮嬭捐′竴娆綬ISC-V CPU 锛屾垜浠灏嗚茶В瀹氫箟瑙勬牸銆佽捐″拰鏀硅繘鏋舵瀯銆佽瘑鍒鍜岃В鍐虫寫鎴樸佸紑鍙 RTL銆佸疄鐜 CPU 浠ュ強鍦ㄤ豢鐪-FPGA 鏉夸笂娴嬭瘯 CPU 鐨勬祦绋嬨備互涓嬩负鏂囩珷姝ｆ枃锛氫粠鍛藉悕寮濮嬩负浣犵殑鎯虫硶鍛藉悕鎴栨墦閫犲搧鐗岃嚦鍏抽噸瑕侊紝杩欐牱鎵嶈兘婵鍔变綘涓嶆柇鍓嶈繘锛岀洿鑷宠揪鎴愮洰鏍囷紒鎴戜滑鎵撶畻鏋勫缓涓涓闈炲父绠鍗曠殑澶勭悊鍣锛屾墍浠ユ垜鎯冲嚭浜嗕竴涓鑺卞摠鐨勫悕瀛椻 Pequeno 鈥濓紝鍦ㄨタ鐝鐗欒涓鏄鈥滃井灏忊濈殑鎰忔濓紱瀹屾暣鍚嶇О鏄锛歅equeno RISC-V CPU锛屽張鍚峆QR5銆俁ISC-V 鐨 ISA 鏋舵瀯鏈夊氱嶉庢牸鍜屾墿灞曘傛垜浠鍏堜粠鏈绠鍗曠殑RV32I寮濮嬶紝瀹冨張绉颁负 32 浣嶅熀鏈鏁存暟 ISA銆傝 ISA 閫傜敤浜庢瀯寤烘敮鎸佹暣鏁拌繍绠楃殑 32 浣 CPU銆傚洜姝わ紝Pequeno 鐨勭涓涓瑙勬牸濡備笅锛歅equeno 鏄涓娆 32 浣 RISC-V CPU锛屾敮鎸 RV32I ISA銆俁V32I 鏈 37 鏉 32 浣嶅熀鏈鎸囦护锛屾垜浠璁″垝鍦 Pequeno 涓瀹炵幇銆傚洜姝わ紝鎴戜滑蹇呴』娣卞叆浜嗚В姣忔潯鎸囦护銆傛垜璐逛簡涓鐣鍔熷か鎵嶅畬鍏ㄦ帉鎻′簡 ISA銆傚湪姝よ繃绋嬩腑锛屾垜瀛︿範浜嗗畬鏁寸殑瑙勮寖锛屽苟璁捐′簡鑷宸辩殑姹囩紪绋嬪簭pqr5asm锛屽苟涓庝竴浜涙祦琛岀殑 RISC-V 姹囩紪绋嬪簭杩涜屼簡楠岃瘉銆傗淩ISBUJ鈥濅笂闈㈠叚涓瀛楁瘝鐨勫崟璇嶆荤粨浜 RV32I 涓鐨勬寚浠ょ被鍨嬨傝繖 37 鏉℃寚浠ゅ睘浜庝互涓嬬被鍒涔嬩竴锛歊鍨嬶細鎵鏈夊瘎瀛樺櫒涓婄殑鏁存暟璁＄畻鎸囦护銆侷 鍨嬶細鎵鏈夊熀浜庡瘎瀛樺櫒鍜岀珛鍗虫暟鐨勬暣鏁拌＄畻鎸囦护銆傝繕鍖呮嫭 JALR 鍜 Load 鎸囦护銆係鍨嬶細鍏ㄩ儴瀛樺偍璇存槑銆侭鍨嬶細鎵鏈夊垎鏀鎸囦护銆俇鍨嬶細LUI銆丄UIPC绛夌壒娈婃寚浠ゃ侸鍨嬶細绫讳技JAL鐨勮烦杞鎸囦护銆俁ISC-V 鏋舵瀯涓鏈 32 涓閫氱敤瀵勫瓨鍣锛寈0-x31. 鎵鏈夊瘎瀛樺櫒閮芥槸 32 浣嶇殑銆傚湪杩 32 涓瀵勫瓨鍣ㄤ腑锛岄浂鍙堢О涓簒0瀵勫瓨鍣锛屾槸涓涓寰堟湁鐢ㄧ殑鐗规畩瀵勫瓨鍣锛屽畠琚纭杩炵嚎涓洪浂锛屾棤娉曞啓鍏ワ紝骞朵笖濮嬬粓璇诲彇涓洪浂銆傞偅涔堝畠鏈変粈涔堢敤鍛锛熶綘鍙浠ヤ娇鐢▁0浣滀负铏氭嫙鐩鏍囨潵杞鍌ㄦ偍涓嶆兂璇诲彇鐨勭粨鏋滐紝鎴栫敤浣滄搷浣滄暟闆讹紝鎴栫敓鎴 NOP 鎸囦护鏉ラ棽缃 CPU銆傛暣鏁拌＄畻鎸囦护鏄閽堝瑰瘎瀛樺櫒鍜-鎴12浣嶇珛鍗虫暟鎵ц岀殑ALU鎸囦护銆傚姞杞-瀛樺偍鎸囦护鐢ㄤ簬鍦ㄥ瘎瀛樺櫒鍜屾暟鎹瀛樺偍鍣ㄤ箣闂村瓨鍌-鍔犺浇鏁版嵁銆傝烦杞-鍒嗘敮鎸囦护鐢ㄤ簬灏嗙▼搴忔帶鍒惰浆绉诲埌涓嶅悓鐨勪綅缃銆傛瘡鏉℃寚浠ょ殑璇︾粏淇℃伅鍙浠ュ湪 RISC-V 瑙勮寖涓鎵惧埌锛歊ISC-V 鐢ㄦ埛绾 ISA v2.2銆傝佸︿範 ISA锛孯ISC-V 瑙勮寖鏂囨。

灏辫冻澶熶簡銆備笉杩囷紝涓轰簡鏇存竻鏅拌捣瑙侊紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ョ爺绌朵竴涓 RTL 涓涓嶅悓寮鏀炬牳蹇冪殑瀹炵幇銆傞櫎浜 37 鏉″熀鏈鎸囦护澶栵紝鎴戣繕涓 pqr5asm 娣诲姞浜 13 鏉′吉-鑷瀹氫箟鎸囦护锛屽苟灏 ISA 鎵╁睍鑷 50 鏉℃寚浠ゃ傝繖浜涙寚浠ゆ簮鑷鍩烘湰鎸囦护锛屾棬鍦ㄧ畝鍖栨眹缂栫▼搴忓憳鐨勫伐浣溾︹︿緥濡傦細NOP鎸囦护涓嶢DDI x0, x0, 0杩欏湪CPU涓婂綋鐒朵粈涔堜篃涓嶅仛锛佷絾瀹冩洿绠鍗曪紝鏇村规槗鍦ㄤ唬鐮佷腑瑙ｉ噴銆傚湪寮濮嬭捐″勭悊鍣ㄦ灦鏋勪箣鍓嶏紝鎴戜滑鐨勬湡鏈涙槸瀹屽叏浜嗚В姣忔潯鎸囦护濡備綍浠 32 浣嶄簩杩涘埗杩涜岀紪鐮佷互鍙婂畠鐨勫姛鑳芥槸浠涔堛傛垜鐢 Python 寮鍙戠殑 RISC-V RV32I 姹囩紪鍣 PQR5ASM 鍙浠ュ湪鎴戠殑 GitHub 涓婃壘鍒般傛偍鍙浠ュ弬鑰冦婃眹缂栧櫒鎸囦护鎵嬪唽銆嬬紪鍐欑ず渚嬫眹缂栦唬鐮併傜紪璇戝畠锛屽苟鏌ョ湅瀹冨備綍杞鎹涓 32 浣嶄簩杩涘埗鏂囦欢锛屼互渚垮湪缁х画涓嬩竴姝ヤ箣鍓嶅珐鍥-楠岃瘉鎮ㄧ殑鐞嗚В銆傝勬牸鍜屾灦鏋勫湪鏈绔犱腑锛屾垜浠瀹氫箟浜 Pequeno 鐨勫畬鏁磋勬牸鍜屾灦鏋勩備笂娆℃垜浠鍙鏄绠鍗曞湴灏嗗叾瀹氫箟涓 32 浣 CPU銆傛帴涓嬫潵锛屾垜浠灏嗗瑰叾杩涜屾洿璇︾粏鐨勪粙缁嶏紝浠ュぇ鑷翠簡瑙ｅ嵆灏嗚捐＄殑鏋舵瀯銆傛垜浠灏嗚捐′竴涓绠鍗曠殑鍗曟牳 CPU锛屽畠鑳藉熸寜鐓ц幏鍙栨寚浠ょ殑椤哄簭涓娆℃墽琛屼竴鏉℃寚浠わ紝浣嗕粛閲囩敤娴佹按绾挎柟寮忋傛垜浠涓嶆敮鎸 RISC-V 鐗规潈瑙勮寖锛屽洜涓烘垜浠鐩鍓嶄笉鎵撶畻璁╂垜浠鐨勬牳蹇冩搷浣滅郴缁熸敮鎸佽ヨ勮寖锛屼篃涓嶆墦绠楄╁畠鏀鎸佷腑鏂銆傝CPU瑙勬牸濡備笅锛32浣岰PU锛屽崟鍙戝皠锛屽崟鏍搞傜粡鍏哥殑浜旂骇 RISC 娴佹按绾裤備弗鏍兼湁搴忔祦姘寸嚎銆傜﹀悎RV32I 鐢ㄦ埛绾 ISA v2.2銆傛敮鎸佸叏閮 37 鏉″熀鏈鎸囦护銆傜敤浜庢寚浠ゅ拰鏁版嵁瀛樺偍鍣ㄨ块棶鐨勭嫭绔嬫荤嚎鎺ュ彛銆傦紙涓轰粈涔堬紵浠ュ悗鍐嶈ㄨ衡︹︼級閫傜敤浜庤８鏈哄簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忥紝涓嶆敮鎸佹搷浣滅郴缁熷拰涓鏂銆傦紙鏇寸‘鍒囧湴璇存槸闄愬埗锛侊級姝ｅ備笂鏂囨墍杩帮紝鎴戜滑灏嗘敮鎸 RV32I ISA銆傚洜姝わ紝CPU 浠呮敮鎸佹暣鏁拌繍绠椼侰PU 涓鐨勬墍鏈夊瘎瀛樺櫒閮芥槸 32 浣嶇殑銆傚湴鍧鍜屾暟鎹鎬荤嚎涔熸槸 32 浣嶇殑銆侰PU 閲囩敤缁忓吀鐨勫皬绔瀛楄妭瀵诲潃鍐呭瓨绌洪棿銆傛瘡涓鍦板潃瀵瑰簲浜 CPU 鍦板潃绌洪棿涓鐨勪竴涓瀛楄妭銆0x00 - byte[7:0], 0x01 - byte[15:8] ...32 浣嶅瓧鍙浠ラ氳繃 32 浣嶅归綈鐨勫湴鍧璁块棶锛屽嵆 4 鐨勫嶆暟鐨勫湴鍧锛0x00鈥斺 byte 0锛0x04鈥斺 byte 1鈥︹Pequeno 鏄涓娆惧崟鍙戝皠 CPU锛屽嵆姣忔″彧浠庡唴瀛樹腑鑾峰彇涓鏉℃寚浠わ紝骞跺彂鍑烘寚浠よ繘琛岃В鐮佸拰鎵ц屻傞噰鐢ㄥ崟鍙戝皠鐨勬祦姘寸嚎澶勭悊鍣ㄧ殑鏈澶IPC = 1锛堟垨鏈灏-鏈浣矯PI = 1锛夛紝鍗虫渶缁堢洰鏍囨槸浠ユ瘡鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡 1 鏉℃寚浠ょ殑閫熺巼鎵ц屻傝繖鍦ㄧ悊璁轰笂鏄鍙浠ュ疄鐜扮殑鏈楂樻ц兘銆傜粡鍏哥殑浜旂骇 RISC 娴佹按绾挎槸鐞嗚В浠讳綍鍏朵粬 RISC 鏋舵瀯鐨勫熀纭鏋舵瀯銆傝繖瀵逛簬鎴戜滑鐨 CPU 鏉ヨ存槸鏈鐞嗘兂涓旀渶绠鍗曠殑閫夋嫨銆侾equeno 鐨勬灦鏋勫氨鏄鍥寸粫杩欑嶄簲绾ф祦姘寸嚎鏋勫缓鐨勩傝╂垜浠娣卞叆鎺㈣ㄤ竴涓嬪叾搴曞眰姒傚康銆傜畝鍗曡捣瑙侊紝鎴戜滑灏嗕笉鏀鎸 CPU 娴佹按绾夸腑鐨勮℃椂鍣ㄣ佷腑鏂鍜屽紓甯搞傚洜姝わ紝CSR 鍜岀壒鏉冪骇鍒涔熸棤闇瀹炵幇銆傚洜姝わ紝 RISC-V 鐗规潈 ISA涓嶅寘鍚鍦 Pequeno 鐨勫綋鍓嶅疄鐜颁腑銆傝捐 CPU 鏈绠鍗曠殑鏂规硶鏄闈炴祦姘寸嚎鏂瑰紡銆傝╂垜浠鐪嬬湅闈炴祦姘寸嚎 RISC CPU 鐨勫嚑绉嶈捐℃柟娉曪紝骞朵簡瑙ｅ叾缂虹偣銆傝╂垜浠鍋囪 CPU 鎵ц屾寚浠ゆ墍閬靛惊鐨勭粡鍏告ラゅ簭鍒楋細鑾峰彇銆佽В鐮併佹墽琛屻佸唴瀛樿块棶鍜屽啓鍥炪傜涓绉嶈捐℃柟娉曟槸锛氬皢 CPU 璁捐℃垚涓涓鍏锋湁鍥涘埌浜斾釜鐘舵佺殑鏈夐檺鐘舵佹満 (FSM)锛屽苟鎸夐『搴忔墽琛屾墍鏈夋搷浣溿備緥濡傦細浣嗚繖绉嶆灦鏋勪細涓ラ噸褰卞搷鎸囦护鎵ц岄熷害銆傚洜涓烘墽琛屼竴鏉℃寚浠ら渶瑕佸氫釜鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡銆傛瘮濡傦紝鍐欏叆瀵勫瓨鍣ㄩ渶瑕 3 涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡銆傚傛灉鏄鍔犺浇-瀛樺偍鎸囦护锛屽唴瀛樺欢杩熶篃浼氶殢涔嬪炲姞銆傝繖鏄涓绉嶇碂绯曚笖鍘熷嬬殑 CPU 璁捐℃柟娉曘傛垜浠褰诲簳鎶涘純瀹冨惂锛佺浜岀嶆柟娉曟槸锛氭寚浠ゅ彲浠ヤ粠鎸囦护瀛樺偍鍣ㄤ腑鍙栧嚭锛岃В鐮侊紝鐒跺悗鐢卞畬鍏ㄧ粍鍚堥昏緫鎵ц屻傜劧鍚庯紝ALU 鐨勭粨鏋滆鍐欏洖鍒板瘎瀛樺櫒鏂囦欢銆傜洿鍒板啓鍥炵殑鏁翠釜杩囩▼鍙浠ュ湪涓涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡鍐呭畬鎴愩傝繖鏍风殑 CPU 绉颁负鍗曞懆鏈 CPU銆傚傛灉鎸囦护闇瑕佽块棶鏁版嵁瀛樺偍鍣锛屽垯搴旇冭檻璇-鍐欏欢杩熴傚傛灉璇-鍐欏欢杩熶负涓涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡锛屽垯瀛樺偍鎸囦护浠嶅彲鑳藉儚鎵鏈夊叾浠栨寚浠や竴鏍峰湪涓涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡鍐呭畬鎴愭墽琛岋紝浣嗗姞杞芥寚浠ゅ彲鑳介濆栭渶瑕佷竴涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡锛屽洜涓哄繀椤诲皢鍔犺浇鐨勬暟鎹鍐欏洖鍒板瘎瀛樺櫒鏂囦欢銆侾C 鐢熸垚閫昏緫蹇呴』澶勭悊杩欑嶅欢杩熺殑褰卞搷銆傚傛灉鏁版嵁瀛樺偍鍣ㄨ诲彇鎺ュ彛鏄缁勫悎鐨勶紙寮傛ヨ诲彇锛夛紝鍒 CPU 瀵逛簬鎵鏈夋寚浠ら兘灏嗙湡姝ｅ彉涓哄崟鍛ㄦ湡銆傝ユ灦鏋勭殑涓昏佺己鐐规樉鐒舵槸浠庡彇鎸囧埌鍐欏叆瀛樺偍鍣-瀵勫瓨鍣ㄦ枃浠剁殑缁勫悎閫昏緫鍏抽敭璺寰勮緝闀匡紝杩欓檺鍒朵簡鏃跺簭鎬ц兘銆傜劧鑰岋紝杩欑嶈捐℃柟娉曠畝鍗曪紝閫傜敤浜庝綆绔寰鎺у埗鍣ㄤ腑閭ｄ簺闇瑕佷綆鏃堕挓閫熷害銆佷綆鍔熻楀拰浣庨潰绉鐨凜PU銆備负浜嗗疄鐜版洿楂樼殑鏃堕挓閫熷害鍜屾ц兘锛屾垜浠鍙浠ュ皢 CPU 鐨勬寚浠ら『搴忓勭悊鍔熻兘鍒嗙诲嚭鏉ャ傛瘡涓瀛愯繘绋嬭鍒嗛厤缁欑嫭绔嬬殑澶勭悊鍗曞厓銆傝繖浜涘勭悊鍗曞厓鎸夐『搴忕骇鑱旓紝褰㈡垚娴佹按绾裤傛墍鏈夊崟鍏冨苟琛屽伐浣滐紝骞跺规寚浠ゆ墽琛岀殑涓嶅悓閮ㄥ垎杩涜屾搷浣溿傞氳繃杩欑嶆柟寮忥紝鍙浠ュ苟琛屽勭悊澶氭潯鎸囦护銆傝繖绉嶅疄鐜版寚浠ょ骇骞惰屾х殑鎶鏈绉颁负鎸囦护娴佹按绾裤傝ユ墽琛屾祦姘寸嚎鏋勬垚浜嗘祦姘寸嚎 CPU 鐨勬牳蹇冦傜粡鍏哥殑浜旂骇 RISC 娴佹按绾挎湁浜斾釜澶勭悊鍗曞厓锛屼篃绉颁负娴佹按绾块樁娈点傝繖浜涢樁娈靛垎鍒鏄锛氬彇鎸(IF)銆佽В鐮(ID)銆佹墽琛(EX)銆佸唴瀛樿块棶(MEM)銆佸啓鍥(WB)銆傛祦姘寸嚎鐨勫伐浣滃師鐞嗗彲浠ョ洿瑙傚湴琛ㄧず涓猴細姣忎釜鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡锛屼竴鏉℃寚浠ょ殑涓嶅悓閮ㄥ垎浼氳澶勭悊锛屽苟涓旀瘡涓闃舵甸兘浼氬勭悊涓嶅悓鐨勬寚浠ゃ傚傛灉浠旂粏瑙傚療锛屼細鍙戠幇鍙鏈夌 5 涓鍛ㄦ湡锛屾寚浠 1 鎵嶅畬鎴愭墽琛屻傝繖娈靛欢杩熻绉颁负娴佹按绾垮欢杩熴偽旀ゅ欢杩熶笌娴佹按绾跨骇鏁扮浉鍚屻傚湪姝ゅ欢杩熶箣鍚庯紝绗 6 涓鍛ㄦ湡锛氭寚浠 2 鎵ц屽畬姣曪紝绗 7 涓鍛ㄦ湡锛氭寚浠 3 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杩涜屾椂闂存梾琛岋紝鍚﹀垯杩欐槸涓嶅彲鑳界殑锛佽繖涓嶆槸鏁版嵁杞鍙戯紝鑰屾槸鈥滄暟鎹鍥炴函鈥濄傛暟鎹杞鍙戝彧鑳芥部鏃堕棿鏂瑰悜鍚戝墠杩涜屻傝繖绉嶆暟鎹椋庨櫓绉颁负娴佹按绾夸簰閿侊紙Pipeline Interlock锛夈傝В鍐宠繖涓闂棰樼殑鍞涓鏂规硶鏄锛屽湪妫娴嬪埌鏁版嵁渚濊禆鎬ф椂鎻掑叆涓涓姘旀场锛屼娇娴佹按绾挎殏鍋滀竴涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡銆傚湪 i1鍜宨2涔嬮棿鎻掑叆浜 NOP 鎸囦护锛堝張绉 Bubble锛夈傝繖浼氬皢i2寤惰繜涓涓鍛ㄦ湡锛屽洜姝ゆ暟鎹杞鍙戠幇鍦ㄥ彲浠ュ皢鍔犺浇鏁版嵁浠庡唴瀛樿块棶闃舵佃浆鍙戝埌瑙ｇ爜闃舵电殑杈撳嚭銆傚埌鐩鍓嶄负姝锛屾垜浠鍙璁ㄨ轰簡濡備綍缂撹В RAW 鏁版嵁椋庨櫓銆傞偅涔堬紝WAW 鍜 WAR 椋庨櫓鍙堝備綍鍛锛烺ISC-V 鏋舵瀯鏈韬灏卞叿澶囨姷鎶楁湁搴忔祦姘寸嚎瀹炵幇鐨 WAW 鍜 WAR 椋庨櫓鐨勮兘鍔涳紒鎵鏈夊瘎瀛樺櫒鐨勫啓鍥為兘鎸夌収鎸囦护鍙戝嚭鐨勯『搴忚繘琛屻傚啓鍥炵殑鏁版嵁鎬绘槸浼氳鍚庣画鍐欏叆鍚屼竴瀵勫瓨鍣ㄧ殑鎸囦护瑕嗙洊銆傚洜姝わ紝WAW 椋庨櫓姘歌繙涓嶄細鍙戠敓锛佸啓鍥炴槸娴佹按绾跨殑鏈鍚庝竴涓闃舵点傚綋鍐欏洖鍙戠敓鏃讹紝璇诲彇鎸囦护宸茬粡鎴愬姛瀹屾垚浜嗗硅緝鏃ф暟鎹鐨勬墽琛屻傚洜姝わ紝WAR 椋庨櫓姘歌繙涓嶄細鍙戠敓锛佷负浜嗙紦瑙 Pequeno 涓鐨 RAW 鏁版嵁椋庨櫓锛屾垜浠灏嗕娇鐢ㄦ祦姘寸嚎浜掗攣淇濇姢鍔熻兘纭浠跺疄鐜版暟鎹杞鍙戙傛洿澶氱粏鑺傚皢鍦ㄥ悗鏂囨彮鏅擄紝灞婃椂鎴戜滑灏嗗湪鍏朵腑璁捐℃暟鎹杞鍙戦昏緫銆傛垜浠鐞嗚В骞跺垎鏋愪簡鐜版湁 CPU 鏋舵瀯涓鍙鑳藉艰嚧鎸囦护鎵ц屽け璐ョ殑鍚勭嶆綔鍦ㄦ祦姘寸嚎椋庨櫓銆傛垜浠杩樿捐′簡瑙ｅ喅鏂规堝拰鏈哄埗鏉ョ紦瑙ｈ繖浜涢庨櫓銆傝╂垜浠鏁村悎蹇呰佺殑寰鏋舵瀯锛屽苟鏈缁堣捐″嚭 Pequeno RISC-V CPU 鐨勬灦鏋勶紝浣垮叾瀹屽叏鏉滅粷鎵鏈夌被鍨嬬殑娴佹按绾块庨櫓锛佸湪鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ殑鏂囩珷涓锛屾垜浠灏嗘繁鍏ユ帰璁ㄦ瘡涓娴佹按绾块樁娈-鍔熻兘鍗曞厓鐨 RTL 璁捐°傛垜浠灏嗚ㄨ鸿捐￠樁娈典腑涓嶅悓鐨勫井鏋舵瀯鍐崇瓥鍜屾寫鎴樸傝幏鍙栧崟鍏冧粠杩欓噷寮濮嬶紝鎴戜滑寮濮嬫繁鍏ユ帰璁ㄥ井鏋舵瀯鍜 RTL 璁捐′簡锛佸湪鏈绔犱腑锛屾垜浠灏嗘瀯寤哄拰璁捐Pequeno 鐨凢etch Unit (FU) 銆傚彇鎸囧崟鍏 (FU) 鏄 CPU 娴佹按绾跨殑绗涓闃舵碉紝鐢ㄤ簬涓庢寚浠ゅ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒浜や簰銆傚彇鎸囧崟鍏 (FU) 浠庢寚浠ゅ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒涓鍙栨寚锛屽苟灏嗗彇鎸囩殑鎸囦护鍙戦佸埌璇戠爜鍗曞厓 (DU) 銆傛ｅ傚墠鏂囦腑 Pequeno 鐨勬敼杩涙灦鏋勬墍璁ㄨ虹殑閭ｆ牱锛孎U 鍖呭惈鍒嗘敮棰勬祴閫昏緫鍜屽埛鏂版敮鎸併1鎺ュ彛璁╂垜浠瀹氫箟 Fetch Unit 鐨勬帴鍙ｏ細2鎸囦护璁块棶鎺ュ彛CPU 涓 FU 鐨勬牳蹇冨姛鑳芥槸鎸囦护璁块棶銆傛寚浠よ块棶鎺ュ彛 (Instruction Access锛欼-F)鍗崇敤浜庢ょ洰鐨勩傛寚浠ゅ湪鎵ц屾湡闂村瓨鍌ㄥ湪鎸囦护瀛樺偍鍣 (RAM) 涓銆傜幇浠 CPU 浠庨珮閫熺紦瀛 (Cache) 涓鑾峰彇鎸囦护锛岃屼笉鏄鐩存帴浠庢寚浠ゅ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒涓鑾峰彇銆傛寚浠ょ紦瀛橈紙鍦ㄨ＄畻鏈烘灦鏋勬湳璇涓绉颁负涓荤紦瀛樻垨L1 缂撳瓨锛夋洿闈犺繎 CPU锛岄氳繃缂撳瓨-瀛樺偍棰戠箒璁块棶鐨勬寚浠ゅ苟鍦ㄩ檮杩戦勫彇杈冨ぇ鍧楃殑鎸囦护锛屽疄鐜版洿蹇鐨勬寚浠よ块棶銆傚洜姝わ紝鏃犻渶鎸佺画璁块棶閫熷害杈冩參鐨勪富瀛樺偍鍣 (RAM)銆傚洜姝わ紝澶у氭暟鎸囦护閮藉彲浠ョ洿鎺ヤ粠缂撳瓨涓蹇閫熻块棶銆侰PU 涓嶄細鐩存帴璁块棶甯︽湁鎸囦护缂撳瓨-鍐呭瓨鐨勬帴鍙ｃ傚畠浠涔嬮棿浼氭湁涓涓缂撳瓨-鍐呭瓨鎺у埗鍣ㄦ潵鎺у埗瀹冧滑涔嬮棿鐨勫唴瀛樿块棶銆傚畾涔変竴涓鏍囧噯鎺ュ彛鏄涓涓濂戒富鎰忥紝杩欐牱浠讳綍鏍囧噯鎸囦护瀛樺偍鍣-缂撳瓨 (IMEM) 閮藉彲浠ヨ交鏉惧湴鎻掑叆鍒版垜浠鐨 CPU 涓锛屽苟涓斿彧闇鏋佸皯鐨勮兌鍚堥昏緫鐢氳嚦鏃犻渶鑳跺悎閫昏緫銆傝╂垜浠瀹氫箟涓や釜鐢ㄤ簬鎸囦护璁块棶鐨勬帴鍙ｃ傝锋眰鎺ュ彛 (I-F )澶勭悊浠庢寚浠ゅ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒 (FU) 鍒版寚浠ゅ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鐨勮锋眰銆傚搷搴旀帴鍙 (I-F)澶勭悊浠庢寚浠ゅ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鍒版寚浠ゅ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒 (FU) 鐨勫搷搴斻傛垜浠灏嗕负鎸囦护瀛樺偍鍣 (FU) 瀹氫箟涓涓绠鍗曠殑鍩轰簬鏈夋晥灏辩华鐨勮锋眰鍜屽搷搴旀帴鍙 (I-F)锛屽洜涓哄傛灉闇瑕侊紝杩欏緢瀹规槗杞鎹涓 APB銆丄XI 绛夋荤嚎鍗忚銆傛寚浠よ块棶闇瑕佺煡閬撴寚浠ゅ湪鍐呭瓨涓鐨勫湴鍧銆傞氳繃璇锋眰鎺ュ彛 (Request I-F) 璇锋眰鐨勫湴鍧瀹為檯涓婂氨鏄 FU 鐢熸垚鐨 PC銆傚湪 FU 鎺ュ彛涓锛屾垜浠灏嗕娇鐢ㄦ殏鍋滀俊鍙 (stall signal) 鏉ヤ唬鏇垮氨缁淇″彿锛屽叾琛屼负涓庡氨缁淇″彿鐩稿弽銆傜紦瀛樻帶鍒跺櫒閫氬父鏈変竴涓鏆傚仠淇″彿鏉ユ殏鍋滄潵鑷澶勭悊鍣ㄧ殑璇锋眰銆傝ヤ俊鍙风敱cpu_stall琛ㄧず銆傛潵鑷鍐呭瓨鐨勫搷搴旀槸閫氳繃鍝嶅簲鎺ュ彛 (Response I-F) 鎺ユ敹鍒扮殑宸插彇鎸囦护銆傞櫎浜嗗凡鍙栨寚浠や箣澶栵紝鍝嶅簲杩樺簲鍖呭惈鐩稿簲鐨 PC銆侾C 鐢ㄤ綔 ID锛岀敤浜庤瘑鍒宸叉敹鍒板搷搴旂殑璇锋眰銆傛崲鍙ヨ瘽璇达紝瀹冩寚绀哄凡鍙栨寚浠ょ殑鍦板潃銆傝繖鏄 CPU 娴佹按绾夸笅涓闃舵垫墍闇鐨勯噸瑕佷俊鎭锛堝備綍瀹炵幇锛熸垜浠寰堝揩灏变細鐪嬪埌锛 锛夈傚洜姝わ紝宸插彇鎸囦护鍙婂叾 PC 鏋勬垚浜嗗 FU 鐨勫搷搴旀暟鎹鍖呫傚綋鍐呴儴娴佹按绾挎殏鍋滄椂锛孋PU 鍙鑳借繕闇瑕佹殏鍋滄潵鑷鎸囦护鍐呭瓨鐨勫搷搴斻傝ヤ俊鍙风敱mem_stall琛ㄧず銆傛ゆ椂锛岃╂垜浠瀹氫箟CPU 绠￠亾涓鐨 instruction packet= {instruction, PC}銆3PC 鐢熸垚閫昏緫FU 鐨勬牳蹇冩槸鎺у埗璇锋眰鎺ュ彛 (I-F) 鐨 PC 鐢熸垚閫昏緫銆傜敱浜庢垜浠璁捐＄殑鏄 32 浣 CPU锛屽洜姝 PC 鐨勭敓鎴愬簲璇ヤ互 4 涓哄為噺銆傝ラ昏緫澶嶄綅鍚庯紝姣忎釜鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡閮戒細鐢熸垚 PC銆侾C 鐨勫嶄綅鍊煎彲浠ョ‖缂栫爜銆傝繖鏄 CPU 澶嶄綅鍚庝粠涓鑾峰彇骞舵墽琛屾寚浠ょ殑鍦板潃锛屽嵆鍐呭瓨涓绗涓鏉℃寚浠ょ殑鍦板潃銆侾C 鐢熸垚鏄鑷鐢辫繍琛岀殑閫昏緫锛屼粎鐢 c pu_stall鏆傚仠銆傝嚜鐢辫繍琛岀殑PC鍙浠ラ氳繃鍒锋柊I-F鍜屽唴閮ㄥ垎鏀棰勬祴閫昏緫鏉ョ粫杩囥侾C鐢熸垚绠楁硶瀹炵幇濡備笅锛4鎸囦护缂撳啿鍣‵U 鍐呴儴鏈変袱涓鑳岄潬鑳岀殑鎸囦护缂撳啿鍖恒傜紦鍐插尯 1缂撳啿浠庢寚浠ゅ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒涓鑾峰彇鐨勬寚浠ゃ傜紦鍐插尯 1 鍙浠ョ洿鎺ヨ块棶鍝嶅簲鎺ュ彛 (Response I-F)銆傜紦鍐插尯 2缂撳啿鏉ヨ嚜缂撳啿鍖 1 鐨勬寚浠わ紝鐒跺悗閫氳繃 DU I-F 灏嗗叾鍙戦佸埌 DU銆傝繖涓や釜缂撳啿鍖烘瀯鎴愪簡 FU 鍐呴儴鐨勬寚浠ゆ祦姘寸嚎銆5鍒嗘敮棰勬祴閫昏緫姝ｅ備笂鏂囨墍璁ㄨ虹殑锛屾垜浠蹇呴』鍦 FU 涓娣诲姞鍒嗘敮棰勬祴閫昏緫鏉ョ紦瑙ｆ帶鍒堕庨櫓銆傛垜浠灏嗗疄鐜颁竴涓绠鍗曚笖闈欐佺殑鍒嗘敮棰勬祴绠楁硶銆傝ョ畻娉曠殑涓昏佸唴瀹瑰備笅锛氭绘槸浼氳繘琛屾棤鏉′欢璺宠浆銆傚傛灉鍒嗘敮鎸囦护鏄鍚戝悗璺宠浆锛屽垯鎵ц屽垎鏀銆傚洜涓哄彲鑳芥у備笅锛1銆佽繖鏉℃寚浠ゅ彲鑳芥槸鏌愪簺do-while 寰鐜鐨勫惊鐜閫鍑烘鏌ョ殑涓閮ㄥ垎銆傚湪杩欑嶆儏鍐典笅锛屽傛灉鎴戜滑鎵ц屽垎鏀鎸囦护锛屽垯姝ｇ‘鐨勬傜巼鏇撮珮銆傚傛灉鍒嗘敮鎸囦护鏄鍚戝墠璺宠浆锛屽垯涓嶈佹墽琛屽畠銆傚洜涓哄彲鑳芥у備笅锛2銆佽繖鏉℃寚浠ゅ彲鑳芥槸鏌愪簺for 寰鐜鎴杦hile 寰鐜鐨勫惊鐜鍏ュ彛妫鏌ョ殑涓閮ㄥ垎銆傚傛灉鎴戜滑涓嶆墽琛屽垎鏀骞剁户缁鎵ц屼笅涓鏉℃寚浠わ紝鍒欐ｇ‘鐨勬傜巼鏇撮珮銆3銆佽繖鏉℃寚浠ゅ彲鑳芥槸鏌愪釜if-else璇鍙ョ殑涓閮ㄥ垎銆傚湪杩欑嶆儏鍐典笅锛屾垜浠鎬绘槸鍋囪緄f鏉′欢涓虹湡锛屽苟缁х画鎵ц屼笅涓鏉℃寚浠ゃ傜悊璁轰笂锛岃繖绗斾氦鏄擄紙bargain锛夋湁50%鏄姝ｇ‘鐨勩傜紦鍐插尯 1 鐨勬寚浠ゅ寘鐢卞垎鏀棰勬祴閫昏緫鐩戞帶鍜屽垎鏋愶紝骞剁敓鎴愬垎鏀棰勬祴淇″彿锛歜ranch_taken銆傝ュ垎鏀棰勬祴淇″彿闅忓悗琚娉ㄥ唽锛屽苟涓庡彂閫佺粰 DU 鐨勬寚浠ゅ寘鍚屾ヤ紶杈撱傚垎鏀棰勬祴淇″彿閫氳繃 DU 鎺ュ彛鍙戦佺粰 DU銆6DU杩欐槸鑾峰彇鍗曞厓鍜岃В鐮佸崟鍏冧箣闂寸敤浜庡彂閫佹湁鏁堣浇鑽风殑涓昏佹帴鍙ｃ傛湁鏁堣浇鑽峰寘鍚鑾峰彇鐨勬寚浠ゅ拰鍒嗘敮棰勬祴淇℃伅銆傜敱浜庤繖鏄疌PU涓や釜娴佹按绾块樁娈典箣闂寸殑鎺ュ彛锛屽洜姝ゅ疄鐜颁簡鏈夋晥灏辩华I-F銆備互涓嬩俊鍙锋瀯鎴愪簡DU I-F锛氬湪涔嬪墠鐨勫崥鏂囦腑锛屾垜浠璁ㄨ轰簡 CPU 娴佹按绾夸腑鍋滈】鍜屽埛鏂扮殑姒傚康鍙婂叾閲嶈佹с傛垜浠杩樿ㄨ轰簡 Pequeno 鏋舵瀯涓闇瑕佸仠椤挎垨鍒锋柊鐨勫悇绉嶅満鏅銆傚洜姝わ紝蹇呴』鍦 CPU 鐨勬瘡涓娴佹按绾块樁娈典腑闆嗘垚閫傚綋鐨勫仠椤垮拰鍒锋柊閫昏緫銆傜‘瀹氬湪鍝涓闃舵甸渶瑕佸仠椤挎垨鍒锋柊鑷冲叧閲嶈侊紝浠ュ強璇ラ樁娈典腑鍝浜涢昏緫閮ㄥ垎闇瑕佸仠椤垮拰鍒锋柊銆傚湪瀹炴柦鍋滈】鍜屽埛鏂伴昏緫涔嬪墠鐨勪竴浜涘垵姝ユ兂娉曪細娴佹按绾块樁娈靛彲鑳戒細鍥犲栭儴鎴栧唴閮ㄤ骇鐢熺殑鏉′欢鑰屽仠姝銆傜￠亾闃舵靛彲浠ラ氳繃澶栭儴鎴栧唴閮ㄧ敓鎴愮殑鏉′欢杩涜屽埛鏂般侾equeno 涓娌℃湁闆嗕腑寮忕殑鍋滈】鎴栧埛鏂扮敓鎴愰昏緫銆傛瘡涓闃舵靛彲鑳介兘鏈夎嚜宸辩殑鍋滈】鍜屽埛鏂扮敓鎴愰昏緫銆傛祦姘寸嚎涓涓涓闃舵靛彧鑳借涓嬩竴涓闃舵垫墍闃诲炪備换浣曢樁娈电殑闃诲炴渶缁堥兘浼氬奖鍝嶆祦姘寸嚎鐨勪笂娓革紝骞跺艰嚧鏁翠釜娴佹按绾块樆濉炪備笅娓告祦姘寸嚎涓鐨勪换浣曚竴涓闃舵甸兘鍙浠ュ埛鏂版煇涓闃舵点傝繖琚绉颁负娴佹按绾垮埛鏂帮紝鍥犱负涓婃父鐨勬暣涓娴佹按绾块兘闇瑕佸悓鏃跺埛鏂般傚湪 Pequeno 涓锛屽彧鏈夋墽琛屽崟鍏 (EXU)涓鐨勫垎鏀鏈鍛戒腑鎵嶉渶瑕佽繘琛屾祦姘寸嚎鍒锋柊銆傚仠椤块昏緫鍖呭惈浜х敓鏈鍦板拰澶栭儴鍋滈】鐨勯昏緫銆傚埛鏂伴昏緫鍖呭惈浜х敓鏈鍦板拰娴佹按绾垮埛鏂扮殑閫昏緫銆傛湰鍦板仠椤垮湪鍐呴儴浜х敓锛屽苟鍦ㄦ湰鍦扮敤浜庡仠姝㈠綋鍓嶉樁娈电殑杩愯屻傚栭儴鍋滈】鍦ㄥ唴閮ㄤ骇鐢燂紝骞堕氳繃澶栭儴鍙戦佸埌涓婃父娴佹按绾跨殑涓嬩竴绾с傛湰鍦板拰澶栭儴鍋滈】鍧囧熀浜庡唴閮ㄦ潯浠朵互鍙婁笅娓告祦姘寸嚎涓嬩竴绾х殑澶栭儴鍋滈】鑰屼骇鐢熴傛湰鍦板埛鏂 (Local flush)鏄鎸囧湪鍐呴儴鐢熸垚骞剁敤浜庢湰鍦板埛鏂伴樁娈电殑鍒锋柊銆傚栭儴鍒锋柊鎴栫￠亾鍒锋柊 (Pipeline flush)鏄鎸囧湪鍐呴儴鐢熸垚骞跺彂閫佸埌澶栭儴涓婃父绠￠亾鐨勫埛鏂般傝繖浼氬悓鏃跺埛鏂颁笂娓哥殑鎵鏈夐樁娈点傛湰鍦板埛鏂板拰澶栭儴鍒锋柊鍧囧熀浜庡唴閮ㄦ潯浠剁敓鎴愩傚彧鏈 DU 鍙浠ヤ粠澶栭儴鍋滄 FU 鐨勮繍琛屻傚綋 DU 缃浣嶅仠椤挎椂锛孎U 鐨勫唴閮ㄦ寚浠ゆ祦姘寸嚎锛堢紦鍐插尯 1 鈥> 缂撳啿鍖 2锛夊簲绔嬪嵆鍋滄锛屽苟涓旂敱浜 FU 鏃犳硶鍐嶆帴鏀舵潵鑷 IMEM 鐨勬暟鎹鍖咃紝瀹冭繕搴斿悜 IMEM 缃浣峬em_stall 銆傛牴鎹 IMEM 涓鐨勬祦姘寸嚎-缂撳啿娣卞害锛孭C 鐢熸垚閫昏緫鏈缁堜篃鍙鑳借鏉ヨ嚜 IMEM 鐨刢pu_stall鍋滄锛屽洜涓 IMEM 鏃犳硶鍐嶆帴鏀朵换浣曡锋眰銆侳U 涓涓嶅瓨鍦ㄥ艰嚧鏈鍦板仠椤跨殑鍐呴儴鏉′欢銆傚彧鏈 EXU 鍙浠ュ栭儴鍒锋柊 FU銆侲XU 浼氬湪 CPU 鎸囦护娴佹按绾夸腑鍚鍔╞ranch_flush 鍑芥暟锛屽苟浼犲叆鍒锋柊娴佹按绾垮悗瑕佽幏鍙栫殑涓嬩竴鏉℃寚浠ょ殑鍦板潃 ( branch_pc )銆侳U 鎻愪緵浜嗗埛鏂版帴鍙 (Flush I-F)锛屼互渚挎帴鍙楀栭儴鍒锋柊銆侳U 涓鐨勭紦鍐插尯 1銆佺紦鍐插尯 2 鍜 PC 鐢熸垚閫昏緫閫氳繃branch_flush鍒锋柊銆傛潵鑷鍒嗘敮棰勬祴閫昏緫鐨勪俊鍙穊ranch_taken涔熷厖褰撲簡瀵圭紦鍐插尯 1 鍜 PC 鐢熸垚閫昏緫鐨勬湰鍦板埛鏂般傚傛灉鍒嗘敮琚閲囩敤锛氫笅涓鏉℃寚浠ゅ簲浠庡垎鏀棰勬祴鐨 PC 涓鑾峰彇銆傚洜姝わ紝PC 鐢熸垚閫昏緫搴旇鍒锋柊锛屽苟涓斾笅涓鏉 PC 搴 = branch_pc銆傜紦鍐插尯 1 涓鐨勪笅涓鏉℃寚浠ゅ簲琚鍒锋柊骞朵娇鍏舵棤鏁堬紝鍗虫彃鍏 NOP-bubble銆傚囨涓轰粈涔 Buffer-2 娌℃湁琚玝ranch_taken鍒锋柊锛熷洜涓烘潵鑷 Buffer-1 鐨勫垎鏀鎸囦护锛堣礋璐ｅ埛鏂扮敓鎴愶級搴旇ュ湪涓嬩竴涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡缂撳啿鍒 Buffer-2锛屽苟鍏佽稿叾鍦ㄦ祦姘寸嚎涓缁х画鎵ц屻傝繖鏉℃寚浠や笉搴旇ヨ鍒锋柊锛佹寚浠ゅ唴瀛樻祦姘寸嚎涔熷簲璇ヨ繘琛岄傚綋鐨勫埛鏂般侷MEM 鍒锋柊mem_flush鐢眀ranch_flush鍜宐ranch_taken鐢熸垚銆傝╂垜浠鏁村悎鐩鍓嶄负姝㈣捐＄殑鎵鏈夊井鏋舵瀯锛屼互瀹屾垚 Fetch Unit 鐨勬灦鏋勩傚ソ浜嗭紝鍚勪綅锛佹垜浠宸茬粡鎴愬姛璁捐″嚭Pequeno鐨凢etch Unit浜嗐傚湪鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ殑閮ㄥ垎涓锛屾垜浠灏嗚捐Pequeno 鐨勮В鐮佸崟鍏冿紙DU锛欴ecode Unit锛夈傝В鐮佸崟鍏冭В鐮佸崟鍏冿紙DU锛夋槸 CPU 娴佹按绾跨殑绗浜岄樁娈碉紝璐熻矗灏嗘潵鑷鍙栨寚鍗曞厓锛團U锛夌殑鎸囦护璇戠爜锛屽苟閫佽嚦鎵ц屽崟鍏冿紙EXU锛夈傛ゅ栵紝瀹冭繕璐熻矗灏嗗瘎瀛樺櫒鍦板潃璇戠爜锛屽苟閫佽嚦瀵勫瓨鍣ㄦ枃浠惰繘琛屽瘎瀛樺櫒璇绘搷浣溿傝╂垜浠瀹氫箟瑙ｇ爜鍗曞厓鐨勬帴鍙ｃ傚叾涓锛孎U鎺ュ彛鏄鑾峰彇鍗曞厓鍜岃В鐮佸崟鍏冧箣闂存帴鏀舵湁鏁堣浇鑽风殑涓昏佹帴鍙ｃ傛湁鏁堣浇鑽峰寘鍚鑾峰彇鐨勬寚浠ゅ拰鍒嗘敮棰勬祴淇℃伅銆傛ゆ帴鍙ｅ凡鍦ㄤ笂涓閮ㄥ垎璁ㄨ鸿繃銆侲XU鎺ュ彛鏄瑙ｇ爜鍗曞厓鍜屾墽琛屽崟鍏冧箣闂村彂閫佹湁鏁堣浇鑽风殑涓昏佹帴鍙ｃ傛湁鏁堣浇鑽峰寘鎷瑙ｇ爜鍚庣殑鎸囦护銆佸垎鏀棰勬祴淇℃伅鍜岃В鐮佹暟鎹銆備互涓嬫槸鏋勬垚 EXU I-F 鐨勬寚浠ゅ拰鍒嗘敮棰勬祴淇″彿锛氳В鐮佹暟鎹鏄 DU 浠庤幏鍙栫殑鎸囦护涓瑙ｇ爜骞跺彂閫佸埌 EXU 鐨勯噸瑕佷俊鎭銆傝╂垜浠鏉ヤ簡瑙ｄ竴涓 EXU 鎵ц屼竴鏉℃寚浠ら渶瑕佸摢浜涗俊鎭銆侽pcode銆乫unct3銆乫unct7锛氭爣璇 EXU 瀵规搷浣滄暟瑕佹墽琛岀殑鎿嶄綔銆傛搷浣滄暟锛氭牴鎹鎿嶄綔鐮侊紝鎿嶄綔鏁板彲浠ユ槸瀵勫瓨鍣ㄦ暟鎹锛坮s0锛宺s1锛夛紝鐢ㄤ簬鍐欏洖鐨勫瘎瀛樺櫒鍦板潃锛坮dt锛夛紝鎴 12 浣-20 浣嶇珛鍗虫暟銆傛寚浠ょ被鍨嬶細鏍囪瘑蹇呴』澶勭悊鍝浜涙搷浣滄暟-绔嬪嵆鍊笺傝В鐮佽繃绋嬪彲鑳芥瘮杈冩樻墜銆傚傛灉鎮ㄦｇ‘鐞嗚В浜 ISA 鍜屾寚浠ょ粨鏋勶紝灏卞彲浠ヨ瘑鍒鍑轰笉鍚岀被鍨嬬殑鎸囦护妯″紡銆傝瘑鍒妯″紡鏈夊姪浜庤捐 DU 涓鐨勮В鐮侀昏緫銆備互涓嬩俊鎭琚瑙ｇ爜骞堕氳繃 EXU I-F 鍙戦佸埌 EXU銆侲XU 灏嗕娇鐢ㄦや俊鎭灏嗘暟鎹瑙ｅ嶇敤鍒伴傚綋鐨勬墽琛屽瓙鍗曞厓骞舵墽琛屾寚浠ゃ傚逛簬 R 鍨嬫寚浠わ紝蹇呴』瑙ｇ爜骞惰诲彇婧愬瘎瀛樺櫒rs1鍜宺s2 銆備粠瀵勫瓨鍣ㄨ诲彇鐨勬暟鎹鍗充负鎿嶄綔鏁般傛墍鏈夐氱敤鐢ㄦ埛瀵勫瓨鍣ㄩ兘浣嶄簬 DU 澶栭儴鐨勫瘎瀛樺櫒鍫嗕腑銆侱U 浣跨敤瀵勫瓨鍣ㄥ爢鎺ュ彛灏唕s0鍜宺s1 鐨勫湴鍧鍙戦佸埌瀵勫瓨鍣ㄥ爢杩涜屽瘎瀛樺櫒璁块棶銆備粠瀵勫瓨鍣ㄥ爢璇诲彇鐨勬暟鎹涔熷簲涓庢湁鏁堣浇鑽蜂竴璧峰湪鍚屼竴鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡鍐呭彂閫佸埌 EXU銆傚瘎瀛樺櫒鏂囦欢璇诲彇瀵勫瓨鍣ㄩ渶瑕佷竴涓鍛ㄦ湡銆侱U 涔熼渶瑕佷竴涓鍛ㄦ湡鏉ュ瘎瀛樿佸彂閫佸埌 EXU 鐨勬湁鏁堣浇鑽枫傚洜姝わ紝婧愬瘎瀛樺櫒鍦板潃鐢辩粍鍚堥昏緫鐩存帴浠 FU 鎸囦护鍖呰В鐮併傝繖纭淇濅簡 1) 浠 DU 鍒 EXU 鐨勬湁鏁堣浇鑽峰拰 2) 浠庡瘎瀛樺櫒鏂囦欢鍒 EXU 鐨勬暟鎹鐨勬椂搴忓悓姝ャ傚彧鏈 EXU 鍙浠ヤ粠澶栭儴鍋滄 DU 鐨勮繍琛屻傚綋 EXU 缃浣嶅仠姝㈡椂锛孌U 鐨勫唴閮ㄦ寚浠ゆ祦姘寸嚎搴旂珛鍗冲仠姝锛屽苟涓旂敱浜庢棤娉曞啀鎺ユ敹鏉ヨ嚜 FU 鐨勬暟鎹鍖咃紝瀹冭繕搴斿悜 FU 缃浣嶅仠姝銆備负浜嗗疄鐜板悓姝ユ搷浣滐紝瀵勫瓨鍣ㄦ枃浠跺簲涓 DU 涓璧峰仠姝锛屽洜涓哄畠浠閮戒綅浜 CPU 浜旂骇娴佹按绾跨殑鍚屼竴绾с傚洜姝わ紝DU 灏嗗栭儴鍋滄浠 EXU 鍙嶉堝埌瀵勫瓨鍣ㄦ枃浠躲侱U 鍐呴儴涓嶅瓨鍦ㄥ艰嚧鏈鍦板仠姝㈢殑鎯呭喌銆傚彧鏈 EXU 鍙浠ュ栭儴鍒锋柊 FU銆侲XU 浼氬湪 CPU 鎸囦护娴佹按绾夸腑鍚鍔╞ranch_flush 鍑芥暟锛屽苟浼犲叆鍒锋柊娴佹按绾垮悗瑕佽幏鍙栫殑涓嬩竴鏉℃寚浠ょ殑鍦板潃 ( branch_pc )銆侱U 鎻愪緵浜嗗埛鏂版帴鍙 (Flush I-F)锛屼互渚挎帴鍙楀栭儴鍒锋柊銆傚唴閮ㄦ祦姘寸嚎鐢眀ranch_flush鍒锋柊銆傛潵鑷 EXU 鐨刡ranch_flush搴旇ョ珛鍗充娇鎸囧悜 EXU 鐨 DU 鎸囦护鏃犳晥锛屼笖寤惰繜鏃堕棿涓 0 涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡銆傝繖鏄涓轰簡閬垮厤鍦ㄤ笅涓涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡 EXU 涓鍑虹幇娼滃湪鐨勬帶鍒堕庨櫓銆傚湪鍙栨寚鍗曞厓 (Fetch Unit) 鐨勮捐′腑锛屾垜浠娌℃湁鍦ㄦ敹鍒癰ranch_flush 鎸囦护鍚庯紝浠 0 鍛ㄦ湡寤惰繜浣 FU 鎸囦护澶辨晥銆傝繖鏄鍥犱负 DU 鍦ㄤ笅涓涓鏃堕挓鍛ㄦ湡涔熶細琚鍒锋柊锛屽洜姝 DU 涓涓嶄細鍙戠敓鎺у埗鍐掗櫓 (control hazard)銆傛墍浠ワ紝娌℃湁蹇呰佷娇 FU 鎸囦护澶辨晥銆傚悓鏍风殑鎬濊矾涔熼傜敤浜庝粠 IMEM 鍒 FU 鐨勬寚浠ゃ備笂杩版祦绋嬪浘灞曠ず浜嗘潵鑷 FU 鐨勬寚浠ゅ寘鍜屽垎鏀棰勬祴鏁版嵁濡備綍鍦ㄦ寚浠ゆ祦姘寸嚎鐨 DU 涓杩涜岀紦鍐层侱U 涓浠呬娇鐢ㄥ崟绾х紦鍐层傝╂垜浠鏁村悎杩勪粖涓烘㈣捐＄殑鎵鏈夊井鏋舵瀯锛屼互瀹屾垚瑙ｇ爜鍗曞厓鐨勬灦鏋勩傜洰鍓嶆垜浠宸茬粡瀹屾垚浜嗭細鍙栨寚鍗曞厓锛團U锛夈佽瘧鐮佸崟鍏冿紙DU锛夈傚湪鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ殑閮ㄥ垎涓锛屾垜浠灏嗚捐Pequeno鐨勫瘎瀛樺櫒鏂囦欢銆傚瘎瀛樺櫒鏂囦欢鍦 RISC-V CPU 涓锛屽瘎瀛樺櫒鏂囦欢鏄涓涓鍏抽敭缁勪欢锛屽畠鐢变竴缁勯氱敤瀵勫瓨鍣ㄧ粍鎴愶紝鐢ㄤ簬鍦ㄦ墽琛屾湡闂村瓨鍌ㄦ暟鎹銆侾equeno CPU 鏈 32 涓 32 浣嶉氱敤瀵勫瓨鍣 ( x0 鈥 x31 )銆傚瘎瀛樺櫒x0绉颁负闆跺瘎瀛樺櫒 (zero register)銆傚畠琚纭杩炴帴鍒颁竴涓甯搁噺鍊 0锛屾彁渚涗竴涓鏈夌敤鐨勯粯璁ゅ硷紝鍙涓庡叾浠栨寚浠や竴璧蜂娇鐢ㄣ傚亣璁炬偍鎯冲皢鍙︿竴涓瀵勫瓨鍣ㄥ垵濮嬪寲涓 0锛屽彧闇鎵ц宮v x1, x0鍗冲彲銆倄1-x31鏄閫氱敤瀵勫瓨鍣锛岀敤浜庝繚瀛樹腑闂存暟鎹銆佸湴鍧鍜岀畻鏈鎴栭昏緫杩愮畻鐨勭粨鏋溿傚湪鍓嶆枃璁捐＄殑 CPU 鏋舵瀯涓锛屽瘎瀛樺櫒鏂囦欢闇瑕佷袱涓璁块棶鎺ュ彛銆傚綋涓锛岃昏块棶鎺ュ彛鐢ㄤ簬璇诲彇 DU 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