#Redis# 现在基本上已经是开发的标配了, 今天在学习下Redis, 发现使用Homebrew , 不仅可以安装, 还可以用来启动和停止Redis, 真是太方便了!
Redis（Remote Dictionary Server )，即远程字典服务，是一个开源的使用ANSI C语言编写、支持网络、可基于内存亦可持久化的日志型、Key-Value数据库，并提供多种语言的API。从2010年3月15日起，Redis的开发工作由VMware主持。从2013年5月开始，Redis的开发由Pivotal赞助。
本文预览:
- 介绍了取消Homebrew auto update的方法, 加快homebrew的响应速度
- 介绍了plist文件
- 介绍了launchctl的作用
- 介绍了使用brew services start/stop redis的用法
使用Homebrew安装Redis
在Mac 平台上, 安装软件, 用Homebrew还是比较方便的
$ brew install redis这里需要吐槽的是, 这个Homebrew 每次在安装的时候, 最开始先要更新(update) 一下, 这个速度实在是太慢了! 不知道是国内网络原因还是设计问题, 每次都得等一会, 真是忍不了!
看看在最开始Homebrew 都干了啥:
$ brew install redis
Updating Homebrew...
==> Auto-updated Homebrew!
Updated 1 tap (homebrew/cask).
==> New Casks
accordance evkey miniforge skychart
airbuddy f-bar mouse-fix slippi-dolphin
aldente fawkes mubu smultron
alipay-development-assistant finisher-fluxx munkiadmin space-saver
around finisher-micro mxsrvs spaceman
astah-uml finisher-neo n1ghtshade spark-ar-studio
atemosc finisher-voodoo nault spotter
atomic-wallet font-smoothing-adjuster neat-reader start
audiogridder-plugin foobar2000 nuage stringz
audiogridder-server forticlient-vpn okta-advanced-server-access superslicer
aural fspy operator swiftbar
banksiagui futubull opgg tencent-docs
bleunlock fvim osculator textbuddy
bluesnooze gather oss-browser the-archive
bluewallet gdat parsify the-unofficial-homestuck-collection
bome-network goldenpassport pathephone tradingview
brewlet google-drive pibar trojanx
cakebrewjs grid pictogram twobird
celestia helo pika ultdata
cinco imdone plasticscm-cloud-edition unclack
cinderella imobie-m1-app-checker pokemon-trading-card-game-online uniflash
circuitjs1 infinity pragli veepn
clicker-for-netflix intellidock prezi-video vine-server
clicker-for-youtube internxt-drive ptpwebcam vofa-plus
code-composer-studio jandi-statusbar radicle-upstream volanta
cog jellybeansoup-netflix ray wannianli
colorwell kekaexternalhelper raycast waterfox
curiosity kieler reamp webex
curseforge kiwi-for-gmail redream webull
daedalus-testnet kyokan-bob remnote wolfram-engine
deadbeef lightform rhino xcodes
decloner lightkey scrapp xournal-plus-plus
deskreen little-navmap sengi yesplaymusic
devbook locationsimulator shearwater-cloud youtube-downloader
devutils macfuse signet zecwallet-lite
digital mailtrackerblocker silicon zulufx
dnagedcom mathinspector silicon-info zy-player
duckstation megax simplelink-msp432-sdk
dyalog melonds simplelink-msp432e4-sdk
epoccam micro-sniff sitesucker-pro
==> Updated Casks
Updated 3074 casks.
==> Deleted Casks
ableton-live evom insomnia-designer mist racket-cs teamspeak-client
archi facebook-ios-sdk irip monogame rhinoceros waterfox-current
arrayfire fractal-bot jeromelebel-mongohub oni ringtones webex-teams
barxtemp futuniuniu kekadefaultapp openxcom ripit yyets
clashxr gfortran kode54-cog pins scaleft
disablemonitor gifs master-password project-slippi-dolphin softu2f
eventstore google-hangouts mega protonmail-unofficial tagalicious
Warning: Treating redis as a formula. For the cask, use homebrew/cask/redis难道这也是为程序员#摸鱼#提供机会吗?~~ 这么一想心情就好多了[呲牙][呲牙].
不过网上也提供了停止自动更新的方法, 在安装的时候,直接安装:
HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 brew install redis或者修改shell的配置:
--- Bash ---
$ vim ~/.bashrc
export HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1
--- Zsh ---
$ vim ~/.zshrc
export HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1使用Source 来立刻更改:
$ source ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.zshrc下面来安装一个iptable2mac来试试:
$ brew install iproute2mac
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/python%403.9-3.9.1_6.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://d29vzk4ow07wi7.cloudfront.net/48d123683fa125de9f02f7777683edda40e998f0e2dca492024c00bb
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://github.com/brona/iproute2mac/releases/download/v1.3.0/iproute2mac-1.3.0.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%-#O#- # #
######################################################################## 100.0%看, 是不是快了很多!
配置Redis 启动选项
安装完之后, 需要简单配置一下Redis的启动:
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/redis/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents等下, 什么是plist? 这有什么用?
看看官方的解释:
.plist是应用程序的“首选项”文件，其中保存了其首选项设置。通过丢弃然后重新启动应用程序，您摆脱了可能已损坏的旧用户设置首选项。这通常用于纠正用户可能遇到的应用程序问题。
其实说白了, plist 有点像Window的注册表,就是我们在Mac上使用软件的时候, 基本每个软件都会有一个Preference( 首选项)的菜单, 在这个菜单上可以增加一些自定义设置.
明白了plist的作用之后, 可以来看看Redis的plist 文件的内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>KeepAlive</key>
<dict>
<key>SuccessfulExit</key>
<false/>
</dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>homebrew.mxcl.redis</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/usr/local/opt/redis/bin/redis-server</string>
<string>/usr/local/etc/redis.conf</string>
<string>--daemonize no</string>
</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
<key>WorkingDirectory</key>
<string>/usr/local/var</string>
<key>StandardErrorPath</key>
<string>/usr/local/var/log/redis.log</string>
<key>StandardOutPath</key>
<string>/usr/local/var/log/redis.log</string>
</dict>
</plist>这个就是一个xml文件, 放到哪里才能起作用呢? 来看命令:
$ ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/redis/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents为啥要放到~/Library/LaunchAgents这里面呢? 这就涉及到launchctl 这个工具的使用了.
launchctl 是什么呢?
launchctl是一个统一的服务管理框架，可以启动、停止和管理守护进程、应用程序、进程和脚本等。 launchctl是通过配置文件--plist文件来指定执行周期和任务的。
看明白了吧, launchctl 作用就跟crontab 差不多, 可以启动和调度别的程序, 不过launchctl需要plist 文件的配合.
plist脚本一般存放在以下目录：
- /Library/LaunchDaemons -->系统启动之后，即使用户不登陆系统也会被执行
- /Library/LaunchAgents -->用户登陆系统后才会被执行
更多的plist存放目录：
~/Library/LaunchAgents 由用户自己定义的任务项
/Library/LaunchAgents 由管理员为用户定义的任务项
/Library/LaunchDaemons 由管理员定义的守护进程任务项
/System/Library/LaunchAgents 由Mac OS X为用户定义的任务项
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons 由Mac OS X定义的守护进程任务项
在这里, 我们需要把redis的plist文件放到~/Library/LaunchAgents目录, 也就是
$ ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/redis/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents启动Redis
下面开始启动Redis, 也有几种方法.
最简单的方法, 还是使用Homebrew:
$ brew services start redis
==> Successfully started `redis` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis)Homebrew services 有什么功能? 打开help看看:
$ brew services --help
Usage: brew services [subcommand]
Manage background services with macOS' launchctl(1) daemon manager.
If sudo is passed, operate on /Library/LaunchDaemons (started at boot).
Otherwise, operate on ~/Library/LaunchAgents (started at login).
[sudo] brew services [list]:
List all managed services for the current user (or root).
[sudo] brew services run (formula|--all):
Run the service formula without registering to launch at login (or boot).
[sudo] brew services start (formula|--all):
Start the service formula immediately and register it to launch at login
(or boot).
[sudo] brew services stop (formula|--all):
Stop the service formula immediately and unregister it from launching at
login (or boot).
[sudo] brew services restart (formula|--all):
Stop (if necessary) and start the service formula immediately and register
it to launch at login (or boot).
[sudo] brew services cleanup:
Remove all unused services.
--all Run subcommand on all services.
-d, --debug Display any debugging information.
-q, --quiet Make some output more quiet.
-v, --verbose Make some output more verbose.
-h, --help Show this message.可见, brew service 就是结合launchctl 框架, 来实现对程序的启动和停止, 帮助文档中还提到, 如果命令行前面使用sudo, 就使用系统级目录/Library/LaunchDaemons, 否则就是当前用户级别目录~/Library/LaunchAgents.
Homebrew 用起来真香啊!
如果不用Homebrew, 那就稍微麻烦点:
$ launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist使用launchctl 停止Redis:
$ launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist连launchctl 也不用, 就用最原生的工具!
$ redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf本机验证Redis
Redis 运行在本机6379 端口, 可以直接使用redis-cli来查看:
$ redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> ping
PONG停止Redis:
简单的使用homebrew services 就可以:
$ brew services stop redis
Stopping `redis`... (might take a while)
==> Successfully stopped `redis` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis)草长莺飞, 正是学习之时!
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